C/M Production Climate Controls

 

C/M Production Climate Controls

MODERN EV SYSTEMS 

While traditional coolant systems are involved in prototyping we utilize only modern EV Electrical

Standard Heat Pump with Resistive (PTC) heater systems then choice: 

1. EV - Coolant - Refrigerant options  

2. EV - Hot Pipe option

There is an alternate air system & heating using hot pipe & freezing pipe with drainage then blowers yet some climates require coolant - refrigerant options 

We still utilize air filters, power steering fluid & brake line fluids then windshield Washer fluids

A resistive PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater is a self-regulating electrical heater made from materials, often ceramic, whose electrical resistance increases significantly with temperature. This property allows it to automatically maintain a safe, constant temperature because as the material heats up, its resistance rises, which reduces current flow and power output, and vice versa. 

YouTube Find. Reference 

https://youtu.be/RuQ8uDbS4i4?si=K8DZhrlPV4z87PPG

How it works

• Low temperature: When cold, the PTC material has low resistance, allowing a large amount of current to flow and generate heat.

• Heating up: As the temperature rises, the PTC material's resistance increases dramatically.

• Self-regulation: This increased resistance causes the current and power output to decrease until the element reaches a stable temperature, at which point the current can barely flow.

• Self-limiting: The heater cannot overheat because its resistance automatically limits the current to a level that maintains a safe, equilibrium temperature. 

Benefits

• Safety: The self-regulating nature prevents overheating, which simplifies control systems and makes the heating element fail-safe.

• Efficiency: It only draws the current it needs to maintain a specific temperature.

• Fast heating: Initially, a PTC heater draws maximum current when cold, which allows it to heat up a space quickly.

• Simplicity: Requires less complex sensors and control mechanisms compared to traditional heating systems. 

HEATING 

Automatic climate control systems in electric vehicles (EVs), which primarily use a heat pump to warm the cabin efficiently by transferring heat from the outside air. Alternatively, some EVs use a resistive heater (PTC heater) that works like a toaster, converting electricity directly into heat. Heat pumps are more energy-efficient, especially in moderate cold, while resistive heaters provide quicker initial heat but use more battery power. 

Heat pump systems 

• How it works: A heat pump is similar to an air conditioner in reverse. It uses a refrigerant to absorb heat from the outside air, even in cold temperatures, and compresses it to a high temperature. This hot gas then releases its heat into the cabin before being expanded and cooled to repeat the cycle.

• Efficiency: It transfers heat instead of generating it from scratch, making it much more energy-efficient. For every unit of electricity used, it can produce 3-4 units of heat. This helps preserve driving range compared to resistive heating.

• Temperature limitations: The efficiency of a heat pump decreases significantly in very cold weather (below 14°F or -10°C negative 10 °C −10°C), at which point a resistive heater might be used to supplement or take over.

• Prevalence: Many newer EV models, especially premium ones, come with heat pumps as standard equipment. 

Resistive (PTC) heater systems 

• How it works: This system uses an electric resistance heater to convert electrical energy directly into heat, much like a toaster or a space heater. The heater core has a Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) material, which limits current flow once it reaches a set temperature.

• Efficiency: It is less efficient than a heat pump and can draw a significant amount of power, especially during initial startup (3-5 kW).

• Usage: It's often used to quickly warm up the cabin before the heat pump becomes fully effective or to provide supplementary heat in very cold conditions. 

Other EV heating technologies

• Using waste heat: EVs can also capture and reuse waste heat generated by the battery and electric powertrain to warm the cabin, further reducing the load on the HVAC system and extending range.

• Heated seats and steering wheels: These draw significantly less power than heating the entire cabin and can be used to supplement the primary heating system, helping drivers stay warm while minimizing range impact.

• Preconditioning: Many EVs allow you to pre-warm the cabin while the vehicle is still plugged in, so it uses grid power instead of the battery to heat the car. 

AIR CONDITIONING 

EV-powered air conditioning is highly effective and often considered superior to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) systems due to benefits in efficiency, convenience, and performance. The primary difference is that EV compressors are powered by an electric motor off the main battery, allowing for independent, variable-speed operation. 

Advantages and Opinions

• Immediate and Consistent Cooling: Unlike many ICE vehicles where the AC's effectiveness can vary with engine speed (often weaker at idle), EV AC provides immediate cold air at a consistent, optimal speed, regardless of whether the car is moving or stationary.

• Pre-conditioning Feature: A major advantage is the ability to remotely precondition the cabin temperature via a smartphone app while the vehicle is still plugged in and charging. This ensures a comfortable temperature upon entry without drawing power from the main battery, which is especially valued in hot climates.

• Improved Efficiency: While the AC unit itself uses a similar refrigeration cycle to an ICE car, EVs are more energy-efficient overall because they use high-efficiency batteries to power the system directly, rather than relying on a 25%-efficient combustion engine's accessory belt. Modern EVs increasingly use heat pumps that can both heat and cool very efficiently, further enhancing performance.

• Better Thermal Management: The AC system in an EV often plays a dual role, also cooling the vehicle's battery pack during charging or heavy use. This proper thermal management extends battery life and safety. 
Disadvantages and Range Impact

• Range Reduction: The main drawback is that all energy for climate control comes from the main battery, which does reduce the available driving range. However, user opinions and studies suggest the range loss from AC in hot weather is relatively minimal (around 5-10% in most scenarios), significantly less impactful than the range loss caused by heating in cold weather.

• Perceived Weakness (Model Specific): While generally praised, some owners of specific older or economy EV models have reported that their AC felt less effective on extremely hot days compared to some high-end ICE cars, but this is often tied to the system prioritizing battery cooling or being in an "eco" mode.

• Energy Management Decisions: On long road trips, drivers may need to be mindful of using the AC to ensure they have enough range to reach the next charging station, which introduces a planning element not typically a concern with gas cars. 

MAINTENANCE 

Heating 

EV heating system maintenance includes checking and replacing the cabin air filter regularly, inspecting and topping off coolant for the battery and motor, and ensuring the HVAC system is in good working order. Unlike gas cars, EVs don't need oil changes, but they do have cooling systems for their batteries and electric motors that require routine coolant checks and services to maintain performance and longevity, especially in extreme weather. 

Routine maintenance tasks

• Cabin air filter: Replace the cabin air filter as recommended by the manufacturer (often every 20,000 km or so) to maintain good air quality and HVAC efficiency. A clogged filter can reduce airflow and cause odors.

• Coolant: Check the coolant levels and condition periodically, as EVs use a liquid cooling system for the battery and motor. Maintaining proper coolant levels is crucial for preventing overheating and ensuring consistent performance in both hot and cold weather.

• HVAC system: Have the entire HVAC system inspected at regular intervals to ensure it is running efficiently. 
Winter and summer specific tips

• Preconditioning: Use the preconditioning feature to warm up or cool down the cabin before you get in, which is more energy-efficient than running the system at full power once you're driving.

• Parking: Park in the shade when possible to help keep the battery cool, especially in hot weather.

• Driving habits: Drive smoothly, as aggressive acceleration and braking can put more strain on components and affect battery performance and longevity.

• High speeds: Avoid high speeds in hot weather to prevent the battery and cooling system from overheating. 

Other relevant maintenance

• Brakes: Even though EVs use regenerative braking, their friction brakes still need routine inspections to check for glazing or corrosion from underuse. Brake fluid should also be checked and flushed as needed, as it still attracts moisture.

• Tires: Rotate tires regularly, just like in a gas-powered car, to ensure even wear.

• Service manual: Always refer to your vehicle's service manual for specific maintenance intervals and procedures, as they can vary between manufacturers and models. 

Air-Conditioning 

EV air conditioning maintenance includes cleaning the cabin air filter regularly and inspecting AC components like hoses, refrigerant lines, and seals for leaks or damage. Key services also involve checking refrigerant pressure, and for some models, replacing the desiccant as recommended by the manufacturer to maintain efficiency and prevent breakdowns. 

Regular checks and cleaning

• Cabin air filter: Clean or replace the cabin air filter regularly to ensure good airflow and prevent dust, pollen, and allergens from entering the cabin.

• Run the AC: Run the air conditioning system regularly (e.g., once a week for about 10 minutes) to keep the compressor lubricated.

• Inspect for leaks: Look for oily spots or residue around hoses, connectors, and components like the compressor, condenser, and expansion valve, which can indicate a refrigerant leak.

• Check for physical damage: Examine the condenser for bent fins, debris, or impact damage. Check for any physical damage or corrosion on hoses and electrical connectors. 

Service intervals and component replacement

• Desiccant: This component absorbs moisture from the refrigerant system. It should be replaced according to the manufacturer's schedule, which can range from every three to seven years.

• Refrigerant and oil: Have the refrigerant pressure checked and maintained according to the manufacturer's recommendations. If a component is replaced, ensure the correct type of oil and refrigerant is used, as mixing them can cause system failure. 

Why maintenance is crucial for EVs

• Battery temperature: The AC system in an EV is often used to regulate the temperature of the high-voltage battery in addition to cooling the cabin.

• Preventative care: Regular maintenance helps extend the life of the system, ensures it provides cool air, and prevents minor issues from becoming costly repairs. 

GROUND UP VS INDUSTRY VS ONE OFFS 

Functional Air-Flow & all models have door-side reference at front - rear door sides woth door slightly inward from wheel - front & rear fenders like trucks for wide body styling (performance que). Unless open wheel

Our integrated air flow system with venting adapted for Recharger 7 Tablet, Hydrogen & Wind-Tunnel Piston-Punch 

Front to rear central grid & piping up to assist in cooling components + air for Wind-Tunnel Piston-Punch models adding to idle & Motion pumps

Unlimited Range. Hop in & go 

Japan Samauri Ninja 

https://www.newtraderu.com/2025/11/16/10-samurai-life-rules-for-how-to-be-mentally-strong-according-to-miyamoto-musashi/

C/M OPTIONAL FEATURE

Auto-interior vacume aid with plug in or wireless micro + cleaning options for interior maintenance 

Closed wheel VS below open wheel 

Desert Dynamics Kit reference 

Alignment tow - tie in settings or "tow-in" on all fours or sixes align with racing spec effects on all C/M Automotive Ground Up efforts 

NOT TO BE MISTAKEN WITH ANGLED SUSPENSION SETTINGS

ON many performance Luxury SUV models you find the rear wheels angled due to suspension settings while front are straight as it is for a rear grip effort more than toe in or out whime controls wear & balancing

"Toe-in alignment" refers to the front of the wheels pointing inward toward the vehicle's center when viewed from above, which increases straight-line stability but can cause outside tire wear. This differs from "toe-out," where the front of the wheels point outward, or a "zero" alignment where the wheels are parallel. Toe-in is often used on rear-wheel-drive cars to counteract the forces that push the wheels outward, but it is adjusted precisely to a manufacturer's specification for each vehicle.
 
What toe-in alignment is

• Direction:
When viewed from above, the front edge of the tires is closer together than the rear edge.
 
• Purpose:
It helps the vehicle maintain a stable straight line on the highway, especially for rear-wheel-drive cars where the rear axle pushes the car forward. 

• Measurement:
It's a specific, often small, angle or linear difference (e.g., 1/16 inch) set by the manufacturer. 

How it affects your vehicle

• Pros:

• Stability: Improves straight-line stability at higher speeds.
 
• Handling: Helps counteract forces that would otherwise cause the front wheels to point outward. 

• Cons:

• Tire wear: Can cause extra wear on the outside shoulder of the tires if it is too aggressive, due to the tires rubbing on the road at an angle. 

• Cornering: Not ideal for sharp cornering, as it can make steering response feel slightly delayed. 

Related concepts

• Toe-out:
The opposite of toe-in, where the front of the wheels are farther apart than the rear. This is used in front-wheel-drive vehicles and can improve turn-in response. 

• Zero toe:
A setting where the wheels are perfectly parallel. While it may seem ideal, a slight amount of toe-in is typically used to compensate for forces that occur during driving. 

• Alignment issues:
Poor alignment can be caused by hitting curbs or potholes, and can also result from normal wear and tear on suspension components. 

• Other alignment angles:
Toe is one of three main alignment settings, along with camber and caster. 

Demo models exist for consumers & demo commercial models companies can test before one or fleet orders 

Our initial & planned managed lithium-ion stocks will be replaced by Sodium-Ion & Copper-Ion then our Flywheels & Kinetic options past 2030

C/M Transitions - Automatic mode or H-Pattern & Sequential 

IN VEHICLE AT PURCHASE 

Separate from demo models 

Physical manual + digital exrended access 

Emergency Safety System & Plan features 

All mandatory & standard issue components + additional upgrades

Basic warranty 

Sticker IMSRP 

MSRP means manufacturer's suggested retail price, which you'll typically see on the window sticker of a new car at the dealership. It's also commonly referred to as the sticker price or list price since it's displayed on the windshield. MSRP is not always the final price you'll pay.

Roadside assistance & extended warranties are extra 

In heavy vehciles we still use an 18 speed or likely 10 if not down to 6-7 speed option with splitters creating a more 720 experience with H pattern & splitters then engine braking 

Even with automotive or sequential options in stick or paddle shifting form yet traditional 18 speed we dual clutch (over power shift without engaging clutch brake) then shift in the X pattern (260 & 720) then splitters in low or high + your engine brake where accelerator throttle is brake & brake is air brake (with skill to void over heating)

With C/M we have anti-roll backs & integrate sequential shifting with automatic clutch systems or a sensor clutch for semi-truck & trailers or tour busses or other commercial heavy vehicle separate from tradtional cutting maintenance expenses while increasing safety + user friendly controls 

Gearing for heavier weight vehicles requires some form of gearing transmission for slowing flat, up or down hill with 100,000 lbs or less unless a mining or large agricultural farming specialty unit 

Relax & counter steer plus hit acceleration to wean out a jack knife in fine line on unsettled ground as unforseen hazard or self doing then slow straight safe (sequences in line command)

Mirror & distances 

"Moderm gaming grade" shifter & brake systems work well woth the C/M Switch-Back application for Apple & Android or Linux paired with simulated auto or manual transmissions with Emergency Safety System & Paln integration 

Performance Mapping transmission simulation with ESC & Smart Performance Mapping on drive Motors 

CORN & STINK AIR LICKS 

Stink pot honey hole lickers need not. Lonely road . Straights VS not & killers or wBCI drivers & automated trucks 

PITCHING & CATCHING DELIVERY PEOPLE DANGER

Proper ground or air radio calls in industry international & differences

S.B.G & CIG